In a comprehensive review of 62 studies comprising 998 children, 504 of whom were abused, RH were found in 78% of cases of abusive head trauma (AHT) versus 5% of the cases of non-abusive head trauma. The incidence of RH in abusive head trauma is approximately 85%. In infants, retinal hemorrhages (RH) are highly associated with child abuse. Risk is correlated with the maximum altitude reached, duration of exposure to high altitude conditions, and climb rate. They also commonly occur in high altitude climbers, most likely due to the effects of systemic hypoxia on the eye. In adults, retinal hemorrhages are largely spontaneous, secondary to chronic medical conditions such as hypertension. Rapid flashes of light in peripheral vision.In older children and adults, retinal hemorrhage can be caused by several medical conditions such as hypertension, retinal vein occlusion (a blockage of a retinal vein), anemia, leukemia or diabetes.Īt the early stage, a retinal hemorrhage may not show any symptom at all. Retinal hemorrhage is strongly associated with child abuse in infants and young children and often leaves such abused infants permanently blind. There are photoreceptor cells in the retina called rods and cones, which transduce light energy into nerve signals that can be processed by the brain to form visual images. Retinal hemorrhage (UK English: retinal haemorrhage) is a disorder of the eye in which bleeding occurs in the retina, the light sensitive tissue, located on the back wall of the eye.
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